Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania protozoa, transmitted through the bites of infected sandflies. It manifests in three main forms: cutaneous (skin sores), visceral (affecting internal organs), and mucocutaneous (affecting mucosal tissues). The severity of the disease depends on the type and the individual’s immune response. Leishmaniasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, often affecting vulnerable populations. Treatment includes antiparasitic drugs such as amphotericin B or miltefosine, combined with preventive measures like insecticide-treated nets.